Patriotic societies, germ of the future rights. Freedom of expression, of meeting, and printing association, 1820-1823: the triennium of freedoms

Abstract

Napoleon was indirectly triggered the end of the absolutist model and the input of liberalism, although during the first third of the nineteenth century was hesitant and there were setbacks but served to start a road to constitutionalism and the defense of the main freedoms proclaimed by all Europe. The press and patriotic societies were the champions in the defense of these freedoms and those who really formed a public opinion own outside of the state.